9/23/2023 0 Comments Face reflection in waterOur results suggest that direct human inputs are sufficient for extensive dispersal of AR into the environment, with landscape features, season, and water quality variables influencing AR dynamics. Importantly, when human, water, and wildlife isolates were examined, similar AR profiles were identified ( p < 0.001). coli concentrations were significantly positively associated with mean AR in the wet season ( p < 0.001) but not in the dry season ( p = 0.110), with TSS negatively associated with mean AR across seasons ( p = 0.016 and p = 0.029), identifying temporal and spatial relationships between water quality variables and AR. Mean AR was significantly higher in the wet season than the dry season ( p = 0.003), and highest in the urban landscape (2.15, SD = 0.098) than the protected landscape (1.39, SD = 0.051). Here, we identify widespread AR in surface water, with land use and season significant predicators of AR levels. No commercial agricultural or large medical facilities exist within this region. coli, fecal coliform, and total suspended solids), land use, season, and AR in wildlife and humans within this system. Using linear models and Bayesian kriging, we evaluate AR among Escherichia coli water isolates collected bimonthly from the Chobe River in Northern Botswana ( n = 1997, n = 414 water samples July 2011–May 2012) in relation to water quality dynamics ( E. While healthcare and agricultural sectors are considered the main contributors to AR dissemination, few studies have been conducted in their absence. ![]() Little is known about the role of surface water in the propagation of antibiotic resistance (AR), or the relationship between AR and water quality declines. 5Department of Biology, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.4Institute for Microbial Systems and Society, Faculty of Science, University of Regina, Regina, SK, Canada.3Department of Environmental Science, Policy, and Management, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, United States.2Center for African Resources: Animals, Communities and Land Use, Kasane, Botswana.1Department of Fish and Wildlife Conservation, Virginia Tech, Blacksburg, VA, United States.
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